初中英语知识点总结

初中英语知识点总结

总结是对某一特定时间段内的学习和工作生活等表现情况加以回顾和分析的一种书面材料，他能够提升我们的书面表达能力，不如我们来制定一份总结吧。你所见过的总结应该是什么样的？下面是小编整理的初中英语知识点总结，希望能够帮助到大家。

如果一个动词加上了ing变成了名词，那么这个词称动名词。 由于动名词是由动词变化而来，它仍保留着动词的某些特征，具有动词的某些变化形式，用以表达名词所不能表达的较为复杂的意念。动名词的名词特征表现在它可在句子中当名词来用，作主语、宾语、表语、定语。它也可以被副词修饰或者支配宾语。

动名词的作用

1、作主语

1）、 直接位于句首做主语。例如： Swimming is a good sport in summer.

2）、 用 it 作形式主语，把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。 动名词做主语时，不太常用 it 作先行主语，多见于某些形容词及名词之后。例如： It is no use telling him not to worry.

3）、动名词作主语与动词不定式作主语的比较：动词不定式和动名词都可以用作主语。在意义上相近。但动名词多用来表示泛指或抽象动作，不定式多用来表示特指或具体动作。比较： Smoking is not good for health. It is not good for you to smoke so much.

2、作表语

动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。

Your task is cleaning the windows. 你的任务就是擦窗户。(Cleaning the windows is your task.)

What I hate most is being laughed at. 我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。 (Being laughed at is what I hate most.)

3、作定语

动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。如： a washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washing 。

4、作宾语

例：We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term. 我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划。

5、有些词后只能接动名词 ，不能跟不定式。 allow;avoid; celebrate; consider; discontinue; dislike; enjoy; escape; excuse; explain; feel like; finish; forgive; can’t help; imagine; keep; it means;mind; miss; practice; prevent;等

6、另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用短语。 spend money/time; think of， give up， put off， insist on， be good at， do well in， can't help， keep on， feel like， be tired （afraid， capable， fond） of， look forward to, be used to, devote oneself to, stick to, respond to, look forward to,

7、 有些词后面加不定式和动名词均可，例如：remember, forget, try, stop, go on, stop,regret,, mean后面均可用不定式和-ing形式，但意义截然不容。 例： like doing sth 表经常性动作like to do sth表习惯性动作；

stop doing sth,停止正在做的事情stop to do sth停下来做另外一件事； remember,forget,regret的不定时结构指后于谓语动词的动作，动词的'ing形式则先于谓语动词的动作 remember to do/doing： ①I remembered to post the letters.（指未来/过去未来将要做的动作） ②I remembered posting/having posted the letters.（我记得做过这个动作）

try to（努力）与try +–ing（试验）： ①I tried not to go there.（我设法不去那里）

②I tried doing it again.（我试着又干了一次）；go on to do sth继续做某事（不是同一件事）， go on doing sth继续做某事（同一件事）；

常见考法

对于动名词的考查，在单项和词语运用中出现的较多，常常考到一些动名词的固定用法。

典型例题：Do you mind_________ me with my work.?

A.to help B.help C.helping D.helped

解析：本题考查动名词的用法。Mind后跟动名词，表示“介意做某事”，不可以跟不定式。

答案：C

误区提醒

有些词后面加不定式和动名词均可，但意义截然不容，那几个词以及两种句型的不同之处必须牢记在心，因为这是我们经常出错的地方。

典型例题：Don't forget _____ this book to John when you see him.

A. to return B. returning C. return D. to returning

解析：本题考查forget加不定式和动名词的区别。Forget to do表示“忘记曾经做过某事”，事情已经做过； forget doing表示“忘记去做某事”，事情还没做。根据语境“当你见到John 的时候，别忘记把这本书给他”，可知事情还没做，应该用不定式。

答案：A

在英语中，to一词用法及其灵活。除了常见“to do”结构外，to还有介词和副词的用法。但我们大都是听过记忆类似“be devoted to

doing”这种所谓的固定搭配学习，却不知其中的to到底是何意。不同用法中，to的 ……此处隐藏12673个字……(fact:she is very busy, so she will not attend the meeting this afternoon.)

If they didn’t take physical exercises every day, they wouldn’t be so healthy.(fact: they take physical exercises every day, so they are very healthy.)

与过去事实相反：

I would have checked my paper again if I had had more time at yesterday’s examination.(fact:I had no more time at yesterday’s exam, so I didn’t check my paper again)

You would have already recovered from his illness if he had seen the doctor in good time.(fact: He didn’t see the doctor in good time ,so he hasn’t recovered from his illness )

与将来事实相反：

If it rains tomorrow, our picnic will be put off.(The weather has been changeable these days.)

If it rained tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.( The weather has beenvery good these days.)

If it should rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.(That would be out of our expectation.)

If it were to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off. (条件从句谓语动词用were to +动词原形，表示下雨的可能性极小。Were to rain和should rain都表示“出乎意料之外”，但were to加强表示“当初没想到以后的事”)

注：

(1)如果条件从句谓语动词包含有were或had, should, could有时可将if省去,但要倒装。如：

Had you (If you had) invited us, we would have come to your party.

(2)混合时间条件句的用法：

有时条件从句的动作和主句动作发生的时间不一致。这时动词的形式，应根据它所要表达的具体时间来决定用什么形式。

1) If she hadn’t trained so hard, she wouldn’t be run so fast.(从句叙述过去，主句叙述现在。)

(fact: she has trained very hard, so she would able to run fast.)

2)You would speak English well enough if you had practised reading and speaking it every day.(主句叙述现在，从句叙述过去)

(fact: You didn’t practice (hasn’t practiced ) reading and speaking it every day, so you can’t speak English well enough.)

(3)在其他状语从句中的用法

主要用于由as if (as though)引导的比较状语从句，从句中谓语动词一般用“动词的过去式(be变were )或had +过去分词。”如：

She looked as if she were ill.(实际上她没有病，在这里用虚拟语气补语比喻她精神不佳)

Xiao Liu speaks English so well as if he had studied in England.(这里用虚拟语气表现他的英语说得好)

2、虚拟语气在各种从句的应用

(1)在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、惋惜、理应如此等，其谓语形式是"should(可省) +动词原形"，常用于以下三种句型中。

句型一：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc) that…

句型二：It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc) that…

句型三：It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc) that…

如：It is strange that he (should) have done that.

It is a pity that he (should) be so careless.

It is requested that we (should) be so careless.

(2)在宾语从句中用于suggest, propose, move, insist, desire, demand, request, order, command等动词后的宾语从句中，表间接的命令和建议。其谓语形式是"(should)+动词原形"。如：

I suggest that we (should) go swimming.

(3)在表语从句中，表示间接的命令，要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句中的主语通常是suggestion, proposal, request, orders, idea等。从句谓语形式是"(should)+动词原形"。如：

His suggestion is that we (should) leave at once.

(4)在同位语从句中，谓语形式是"(should)+动词原形"。如：

We received order that the work be done at once.

(5)在It is time that…句型中，其谓语动词形式是"动词的过去式"或"should +动词原形",should不可省。如：

It's time (that) we went ( should go) to school.